Separable verbs in German

How German separable verbs work: where the prefix goes in main clauses, with modal verbs, in the Perfekt and after dass, plus ten exercises.

Prepared by Deutsch Schreiben with AI assistance; original learning material. ·

Short answer

Separable verbs such as aufstehen, anrufen and einkaufen split in a normal sentence: the verb goes second and the prefix goes to the end (Ich stehe um sieben Uhr auf). They stay together with modal verbs, after dass or weil, and in the Perfekt, where ge goes in the middle (aufgestanden).

The prefix moves to the end

Many German verbs start with a small prefix such as an, auf, aus, ein, mit, vor, zu, zurück or fern. In a normal main clause the verb goes in second position and the prefix jumps to the end.

aufstehen: Ich stehe um sieben Uhr auf.

einkaufen: Wir kaufen heute im Supermarkt ein.

fernsehen: Siehst du am Abend fern?

The prefix is stressed when you speak: AUFstehen, EINkaufen.

When the verb stays together

Separable or inseparable?

Separable (stressed, splits off)Inseparable (never splits)
an-, auf-, aus-, ein-, mit-, vor-, zu-, ab-, zurück-, fern-be-, ge-, er-, ver-, zer-, ent-, emp-, miss-
Ich rufe dich an. – Ich habe dich angerufen.Ich bekomme Post. – Ich habe Post bekommen.

Typical mistakes

Prefixes that never separate

The prefixes be-, ge-, er-, ver-, zer-, ent-, emp- and miss- always stay on the verb and are not stressed: Ich verstehe das. Ich habe es verstanden.

Ten exercises with explanations

Type only the answer, then check it. You can open each explanation without an account.

1

Answer and explanation

stehe — In a main clause the verb stehe is second and auf goes to the end.

2

Answer and explanation

an — Only the prefix an is missing; it closes the sentence.

3

Answer and explanation

ferngesehen — Perfekt: ge goes between the prefix fern and sehen.

4

Answer and explanation

einkaufst — After dass the whole verb stays together at the end: einkaufst.

5

Answer and explanation

zuzumachen — With zu, zu goes between the prefix and the verb: zu + zu + machen.

6

Answer and explanation

rufst — In the question the verb rufst comes before du; an goes to the end.

7

Answer and explanation

angerufen — Perfekt: an + ge + rufen.

8

Answer and explanation

verstehe — ver- never separates, so the verb stays whole.

9

Answer and explanation

bekommen — be- verbs take no ge in the Perfekt.

10

Answer and explanation

mit — The prefix mit goes to the end of the question.

Common questions

How do I know if a German verb is separable?

Prefixes like an, auf, aus, ein, mit, vor and zu separate and carry the stress. Be-, ge-, er-, ver-, zer-, ent-, emp- and miss- never separate.

Where does the prefix go in a question?

Also at the end: Wann stehst du auf? Kommst du mit?

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